Matrices in Python

To solve compute problems we use different type of data structures like array , maps, etc. One such data structure is matrices or 2D arrays. Matrices act as foundation for other data structure like graphs . Define matrices in python matrix = [ [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9] ] Define a 3x3 matrix in python, row(R) equals 3 and column(C) equals 3 matrix_3x3 = [[0]* 3 for in range(3)] There are popular problems in matrices: Transpose a matrix: def calculate_transpose_of_matrix(mat: list[list]) -> list[list]: N = len(mat) for i in range(N): for j in range(i+1, N): mat[i][j], mat[j][i] = mat[j][i], mat[i][j] return mat Print matrix in spiral pattern: def print_matrix_in_spiral(mat: list[list]) -> list[list]: R = len(mat) C = len(mat[0]) top = 0 left = 0 bottom = R - 1 right = C - 1 while top <= bottom and left <= right: for i in range(left, (right + 1)): print(mat[top][i], end=" ") top += 1 for i in range(top, (bottom + 1)): print(mat[i][right], end=" ") right -= 1 if top <=